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Educational Facilities Research Bibliography
The Council of Educational Facility Planners, International has assembled a bibliography of resources documenting various aspects of the effect of facilities on learning. CEFPI provides the lists for information purposes only — the Council does not endorse or verify the findings of any of the studies listed. Each listing is broadly categorized as having either a research or practice focus. Facility's Effect on Learning/Teaching 2 Achilles, C.M. (1992, September). The effect of school size on student achievement and the interaction of small classes and school size on student achievement. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Educational Administration, University of North Carolina-Greensboro. Research Focus. 2 Achilles, C.M. (1998) Using Class Size to Reduce the Equity Gap. Educational Leadership 55(4): 4, 40-43. Practice Focus. 1 Ahrentzen, Sherry and Gary W. Evans. (1984). Distraction, privacy, and classroom design. Environment and Behavior, 16(4), 437-454. Research Focus. 2 Ahrentzen, S., Jue, G. M., Skorpanich, M. A., Evans, G. W. (1982). School environments and stress. In G. W. Evans (Ed.), Environmental Stress (pp. 224-255). New York: Cambridge University Press. Practice Focus. 2 Alderman, G.L. (1986). Classroom environmental effects on the hyperactive child (classroom atmosphere, classroom distractions, overactivity, classroom structure, classroom stimulation). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of South Carolina. Research Focus. 2 Anderson, Karen L. (1997). The Sound of Learning. The American School Building Journal, October 1997. Research Focus. 1 Anderson, L.M., Evertson and Brophy, J.E. (1979). An experimental study of effective teaching in first grade reading groups. Elementary School Journal, 79, 193-222. Research Focus. 2 Anderson, Scott. (1999) The Relationship Between School Design Variables and Scores on the Iowa Test of Basic Skills. Unpublished paper, University of Georgia. Research Focus. 1 Atwater, M., Gardner, C., &;Wiggins, J. (1995). A study of urban middle school students with high and low attitudes toward science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 32, 665-77. Research Focus. 2 Bailey, S.K. (1970). Disruption in urban public secondary schools. Washington D.C.: National Association of Secondary School Principals. Practice Focus. 2 Barker, R. & Gump, P.V. (1964). Big school, small school: High school size and student behavior. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Research Focus. 1 Baum, A., Singer, J. & Baum, C. (1981). Stress and the environment. Journal of Social Issues, 37(1), 4-32. Practice Focus. 2 Bennett, Douglas Truman (1990) The Relationships Among Roof Problems and Roof Types on Public School Buildings in Georgia. Unpublished dissertation, University of Georgia. Research Focus. 1 Berliner, D.C. (1983). Developing conceptions of classroom environments: Some light on the T in classroom studies of ATI, Educational Psychologist, 18(1), 1-13. Research Focus. 1 Berner, Maureen M. (1993, April). Building conditions, parental involvement, and student achievement in the District of Columbia Public School System. Urban Education, 28(1), 6-29. Research Focus. 2 Black, Susan. (1997). Creating Community. The American School Board Journal: 32-35. Discussion of relationship between school climate and student achievement. Practice Focus. 1 Blackwell, H.R. (1963) A General Quantitative Method for Evaluating the Visual Significance of Reflected Glare Utilizing Visual Performance Data. Illuminating Engineering, 58, 61. Research Focus. 2 Bowers, J.H. & Burkett, G.W. (1987). Relationship of student achievement and characteristics in two selected school facility environmental settings. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: 64th Annual International conference of the council of Educational Facility Planners. (ERIC Reproduction Service No. ED286278). Research Focus. 2 Bowers, J. Harold and Charles W. Burkett. (1989). "Effects of Physical and School Environment on Students and Faculty." The Educational Facility Planner 26(1):28-29. Found test scores of 5th and 7th graders to be higher in a modern school buildings, even controlling for socio-economic status. Also found decreased disciplinary action and increased self-concepts in modern school buildings. Research Focus. 1 Bourke, Sid. (1986). How smaller is better: Some relationships between class size, teaching practices, and student achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 23(4), 558-571. Research Focus. 3 Brandt, Sheila A. and Robert O. Briggs. Exploring the Use of EMS in the Classroom: Two Field Studies. Research Focus. 1 Brody, G.H. & Zimmerman, B.J. (1975). The effects of modeling and classroom organization on the personal space of third and fourth grade children. American Educational Research Journal, 12(2), 157-168. Research Focus. 1 Bronzaft, A.L. & McCarthy, D.P. (1975). The effect of elevated train noise on reading ability. Environment and Behavior, 7(4), 517-527. Research Focus. 2 Bross, C. & Jackson, K. (1981). Effects of room color on mirror-tracing by junior high school girls. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 52, 767-770. Research Focus. 1 Burgess, J.W. & Fordyce, W.K. (1989). Effects of preschool environments on nonverbal social behavior: Toddlers’ interpersonal distances to teachers and classmates change with environmental density, classroom design, and parent-child interactions. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 30(2), 261-276. Research Focus. 2 Cash, Carol. (1993). A Study of the Relationship Between School Building Achievement and Behavior. Blacksburg, VA: Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, pp. 1-124. In a sample of small rural Virginia high schools, test scores were found to be lower for students of low quality school buildings, controlling for socio-economic status. Cosmetic factors seemed to have more of an effect on achievement that structural factors. Research Focus. 2 Chan, Tak Cheung. (1979). The Impact of School Building Age on Public Achievement. Unpublished doctoral dissertation (abstracted version appears in The Educational Facility Planner). Found significant relationship between school building age and achievement in 8th graders, controlling for socio-economic status. Research Focus. 2 Chan, T.C. (1980). Physical environment and middle grade achievement (Report No. EA 015 130). Greenville, SC: School District of Greenville County. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. 198 645). Research Focus. 2 Chan, T.C. (1982). A comparative study of pupil attitudes toward new and old school buildings. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 222 981). Research Focus. 1 Cheng, Y.C. (1994). Classroom environment and student affective performance: An effective profile. Journal of Experimental Education, 62(3), 221-239. Research Focus. 1 Chorlton, J.M. and H.F. Davidson. The Effects of Specular Reflection on Visability: Part II-Field Measurement of Loss of Contrast. Illuminating Engineering, 54, 482-488. Research Focus. 1 Christie, D.J. & Glickman, C.D. (1980). The effects of classroom noise on children: Evidence for sex differences. Psychology in the Schools, 17, 405-408. Research Focus. 2 Christopher, Gaylaird. (1988). "Does the Quality of the School Environment Affect the Quality of Our Children’s Education?" The Educational Facility Planner 26(4): 21-23. Discusses AIA study in preliminary stages, attempting to document impact of facilities on quality of education. Research Focus. 2 Christopher, G. (1988). The aesthetic environment and student learning. School Business Affairs, 54(1), 26-27. Practice Focus. 2 Corcoran, Thomas B., et al. (1988). Working in Urban Schools. Study of teacher working conditions found physical conditions to affect teacher morale and classroom effectiveness. Research Focus. 1 Cohen, Krantz, Evans & Stokols. (1980). Physiological, motivational, and cognitive effects of aircraft noise on children: Moving from the laboratory to the field. American Psychologist, 35, 231-243. Research Focus. 1 Cohen, Sheldon and Neil Weinstein. (1981). Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Behavior and Health. Journal of Social Issues 37(1):36-70. Research Focus. 1 Cohen, R., Goodnight, J.A., Poag, C.K., Cohen, S., Nichol, G.T. & Worley, P. (1986). Easing the transition to kindergarten: The affective and cognitive effects of different spatial familiarization experiences. Environment and Behavior, 18(3), 330-345. Research Focus. 1 Cohen, S. & Trostle, S.L. (1990). Young children’s preferences for school-related physical-environmental setting characteristics. Environment and Behavior, 22(6), 753-766. Research Focus. 1 Conners, Dennis A. (1983, Winter). The school environment: A link to understanding stress. Theory into Practice, 22(1), 15-20. Research Focus. 3 Corcoran, Thomas B., Lisa J. Walker, and J. Lynne White. (1988). Working in urban schools. Washington, D.C.: Institute for Educational Leadership. Research Focus. 1 Cotterell, John L. (1984). Effects of school architectural design on student and teacher anxiety. Environment and Behavior, 16(4), 455-479. Research Focus. 2 Cramer, J.R. (1976). Some effects of school building renovation on pupil attitudes and behavior in selected junior high schools. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia, Athens. Research Focus. 1 Daly, J.A. & Suite, A. (1981). Classroom seating choice and teacher perceptions of students. Journal of Experimental Education, 50(2), 64-69. Research Focus. 1 Delefes, P. & Jackson, B. (1972). Teacher-pupil interaction as a function of location in the classroom. Psychology in the Schools, 9(2), 119-123. Research Focus. 1 Downing and Bothwell. (1979). Open-space schools: Anticipation of peer interaction and development of cooperative interdependence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 71(4), 478-484. Research Focus. 2 Duffy, P.M. (1992). Classrooms and their users: A conceptual mapping of research on the physical environment of schools (school environment). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University. Research Focus. 1 Dunn, R. et.al. (1985). Light up their lives: A review of research on the effects of lighting on children’s achievement and behavior. Reading Teacher, 38(9), 863-869. Research Focus. 2 Duke, Daniel L.(1990) School Organization, Leadership and Student Behavior. In, Student Discipline Strategies, pp. 19-46. Research Focus. 2 Duke, Daniel L. and Jacqueline Griesdorn. (1998). Where our Children Learn Matters: A Report on the Virginia School Facilities Impact Study. The Thomas Jefferson Center for Educational Design, University of Virginia. Research Focus. 2 Educational Testing Services. Order in the Classroom: Violence, Discipline, and Student Achievement. Uses longitudinal data to assess relationship between student discipline frequencies and student achievement. Research Focus. 2 Edwards, M.M. (1991). Building conditions, parental involvement and student achievement in the D.C. Public school system. District of Columbia Public Schools. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED338743). Research Focus. 1 Elias, S.F. & Elias, J.W. (1976). Curiosity and openmindedness in open and traditional classrooms. Psychology in the Schools, 13(2), 226-232. Research Focus. 2 Earthman, Glen I. & Lemasters, Linda K. (1997). Can research findings help school systems obtain the most bang from the construction bucks? A paper presented at the Council of Educational Facility Planners, International Annual Meeting, Phoeniz, AZ, September 26. Research Focus. 2 Earthman, Glen I. (1997) The Impact of School Buildings on Student Achievement and Behavior: A Review of Research. PEB Exchange V. 30:11-15. Literature review of relevant research; Touches on school building age, thermal, visual, and hearing factors, school and site size, and other topics; highlights areas for further study. Research Focus. 2 Earthman, Glen I. and Linda Lemasters. (1996) Review of Research on the Relationship Between School Buildings, Student Achievement, and Student Behavior. Presentation at CEFPI’s International Conference, October 8, 1996, Tampa, Florida. Comprehensive review of research on facility impact on education, and synthesis of findings. Research Focus. 2 Earthman, Glen I., Cash, Carol S., and Denny Van Berkum. (1995) A Statewide Study of Student Achievement and Behavior and School Building Condition. Presentation at CEFPI’s International Conference, September 19, 1995, Dallas, Texas. Found positive relationship between facility condition and student achievement and behavior in North Dakota high schools. Research Focus. 2 Earthman, Glen I. (1985). "Evaluating the Impact of the Building Environment on the Individual." The Educational Facility Planner V. 23(4):15-17. Presents review of research on facility impact on learning and identifies areas for future research. Research Focus. 2 Englehardt, David F. (1988). Can Space Motivate (or Demotivate) Science Teachers? The Educational Facility Planner, July/Aug 1988, pp. 12-16. Research Focus. 1 Evans, G.W. & Lovell, B. (1979). Design modification in an open-plan school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 71(1), 41-49. Research Focus. 1 Evans, G.W. & Maxwell, L. (1997). Chronic noise exposure and reading deficits: The mediating effects of language acquisition. Environment and Behavior, 29(5), 638-656. Research Focus. 1 Fagot, B.I. (1977). Variations in density: Effect on task and social behaviors of preschool children. Developmental Psychology, 13(2), 166-167. Research Focus. 2 Ferreira, M.M. (1995). The caring of a suburban middle school. Indiana University, Bloomington: Center for Adolescent Studies. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED385011). Research Focus. 1 Finn, J.D. & Achilles, C.M. (1990). Answers and questions about class size: A statewide experiment. American Educational Research Journal, 27(3), 557-577. Research Focus. 1 Fletcher, D. (1983). Effects of classroom lighting on the behavior of exceptional children. Exceptional Education Quarterly, 4(2), 75-89. Research Focus. 1 Frazier, L.M. (1993). Deteriorating school facilities and student learning. Washington D.C.: Office of Educational Research and Improvement. Research Focus. 2 Garrett, D.M. (1980). The impact of school building age on the academic achievement of selected eleventh grade pupils in the state of Georgia. Dissertation Abstracts International, 41, 4231A. (University of Microfilms No. 81-06,912). Research Focus. 2 Garbarino, J. (1980). Some thoughts on school size and its effects on adolescent development. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 9(1), 19-31. Practice Focus. 2 Gehrke, Nathalie, J. et. al. (1982). An analysis of teachers’ perceptions of their school environment. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education, Houston, TX, February 17-20. Research Focus. 2 Goddard, J. Tim. (1997). Gold Cove Elementary Schools Reorganization Project, Phase 1: Preliminary Findings. Paper Presented to the Annual Meeting of the American Research Association. Research Focus. 2 Gold, Barry A. & Matthew B. Miles. (1981). Whose school is it, anyway?: Parent-teacher conflict over an innovative school. New York: Praeger. Practice Focus. 2 Grangaard, E.M. (1995, April). Color and light effects on learning. (Report No. PS 023 272). Washington, D.C.: Association for Childhood Education International Study Conference and Exhibition. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 382 381). Research Focus. 1 Greabell, L.C. & Forseth, S.D. (1981, February). Creating a stimulating environment. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 17, 70-75. Practice Focus. 1 Griffith, James. (1997). Linkages of School Structural and Socioenvironmental Characteristics to a Parental Satisfaction with Public Education and Student Academic Achievement. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 27(2):156-186. Research Focus. 1 Gump, P.V. & Good, L.R. (1976). Environments operating in open space and traditionally designed schools. Journal of Architectural Research, 5(1). Research Focus. 2 Gump, P.V. (1978). School environments. In I. Altman & J.F. Wohlwill (Eds.), Children and the environment (131-174). New York: Plenum Press. Research Focus. 2 Gump, P.V. (1987). School and classroom environments. In D. Stokols & I. Altman (Eds.), Handbook of Environmental Psychology (691-732). New York: Wiley. Research Focus. 2 Hansen, Shirley J. (1992). "The School Facilities Children are Forced to Attend." The Journal of School Business Management 5(4):30-36. Reviews research on effect of deferred maintenance on students. Research Focus. 2 Harner, David P. (1974). "Effects of Thermal Environment on Learning Skills." The Educational Facility Planner 12(2):4-6. Reports that reading and math performance declines at temperatures above 74 degrees. Research Focus. 2 Harting, R.D. & Delon, F.G. (1990, Spring). Can classroom lighting affect absence rates? ERS Spectrum, 8(2), 3-10. Research Focus. 2 Hastings, Nigel. (1995). Seats of Learning? Support for Learning 10(1):8-11. Research Focus. 2 Hathaway, W.E. (1983). Lights, windows, color: Elements of the school environment. The Educational Facility Planner, 21(3), 33-35. Research Focus. 1 Hathaway, W. (1987). Light, color and air quality. Education Canada, Fall, 35-41. Research Focus. 2 Hathaway, Warren. (1987). Effects of Light and Color on Pupil Achievement, Behavior and Physiology. The Educational Facility Planner, March/April 1987. Research Focus. 2 Hathaway, W.E. (1988). Educational facilities: Neutral with respect to learning and human performance. The Educational Facility Planner 26(4),8-12. Research Focus. 2 Hathaway, W.E. (1993, Winter). Non-visual effects of classroom lighting on children. Education Canada, 33(4), 34-40. Research Focus. 1 Hathaway, W.E. (1995). Effects of school lighting on physical development and school performance. Journal of Educational Research 88(4), 228-242. Research Focus. 2 Hathaway, W.E., Hargreaves, J.A., Thompson, G.W., & Novitsky, D. (1992, February). A study into the effects of light on children of elementary school age: A case of daylight robbery. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 343 686). Research Focus. 2 Hawkins, Harold L. and Betty Lightfoot Overbaugh. (1988). "The Interface Between Facilities and Learning." The Educational Facility Planner 26(4):4-7. Describes interdisciplinary study at Texas A&M University. Observations of six schools provided important qualitative information on the facility’s role in the education process. Research Focus. 1 Herman, Joan L. (1991). Novel approaches to relieve overcrowding: The effects of Concept 6 Year-Round Schools. Urban Education, 26(2), 195-213. Research Focus. 2 Heschong Mahone Group. (1999). Daylighting and Productivity. A Report for the California State Board for Energy Efficiency and Pacific Gas and Electric Company. Research Focus. 2 Heubach, Janet Gail. (1984). The effects of school setting: Visual space attributes and behavior on eighth grade students’ evaluations of the appropriateness of privacy-related school situations. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Washington, Library Loc.: Suzzallo/Allen. LA 7 Th31740. Research Focus. 2 Hight, Donald (1983) The Influence of School Building Age Upon Teachers’ Attitudes Toward the School Building in which they Teach. Unpublished paper, University of Georgia. Research Focus. 2 Hines, Eric. 1996. Building Condition and Student Achievement and Behavior. Blacksburg, VA: Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, pp. 1-213. Found student achievement scores to be up to 11 percentile points lower in substandard facilities. Research Focus. 2 Holt, C.R. (1994). Critical factors that affect the passage of school bond elections. School Business Affairs, 60(8), 33-37. Practice Focus. 2 Hones, W.L. (1974). Comparison of cognitive and affective change of ninth grade students in open-space and closed-space classes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University. Research Focus. 2 Hood-Smith, N.E. & Leffingwell, R.J. (1983, Winter). The impact of physical space alteration on disruptive classroom behavior: A case study. Education, 104(2), 224-230. Research Focus. 2 Horwitz, J. (1988). The psychological aspects of college classroom and laboratory usage: A literature review and bibliography. Report conducted for Hoover & Furr, 3D International. Research Focus. 1 Houtgast, T. (1981). The effect of ambient noise and speech intelligibility in classrooms. Applied Acoustics, 14, 15-25. Research Focus. 2 Ikpa, V.W. (1992). The norfolk decision: The effects of converting from a unitary educational system to a dual educational system upon academic achievement. Norfolk City Schools, Virginia. (ERIC Document Reproduction Services No. ED346583). Research Focus. 2 Irmsher, Karen. (1997). School Size. ERIC Digest 113. Research Focus. 2 Jaynes, G.D. & Williams, R.M. (1989). A common destiny: Blacks and American Society. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Research Focus. 2 Johnson, R.H. (1973). The effects of four modified elements of a classroom’s physical environment on the social-psychological environment of a class. Doctoral dissertation, Oregon State University, Dissertation Abstracts International, 34, 1002A. Research Focus. 2 Jue, G.M. (1990). Toward an understanding of stress in the classroom: The role of individual differences and physical design factors. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Irvine. Research Focus. 2 Karst, Ralph. (1984). A Comparison of School Facility Quality with Teacher and Pupil User Attitudes. The Educational Facility Planner, July/Aug 1984, pp. 21-22. Research Focus. 2 King, J. & Marans, R.W. (1979). The physical environment and learning process. (Report No. 320-ST2). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Architectural Research Laboratory. Research Focus. 1 Klass, W.H. & Hodge, S.E. (1978, October). Self-esteem in open and traditional classrooms, Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 703-?. Research Focus. 1 Koneya, M. (1976). Location and interaction in row and column seating arrangements. Environment and Behavior, 8(2), 265. Research Focus. 2 Krawitz, K.R. (1987). Effects of portable, temporary, and permanent classrooms on student achievement and teacher morale at the second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade level. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas. Research Focus. 2 Lackney, Jeffery A. (1996). Quality in school environments: A multiple case study of environmental quality assessment in five elementary schools in the Baltimore City Public Schools from an action research perspective. Doctoral Dissertation, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. UMI Dissertation Services No. 9717142. Research Focus. 2 Lackney, Jeffrey. (1994). Educational Facilities: The Impact and Role of the Physical Environment of the School on Teaching, Learning and Educational Outcomes. Center for Architecture and Urban Planning Research, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Multi-disciplinary model for assessing impact of infrastructure on education and student achievement using applied research. Research Focus. 2 Lackney, Jeffrey. The Overlooked Half of a Large Whole: The Role of Environmental Quality Management in Supporting the Educational Environment. Unpublished paper. Research Focus. 2 Larson, C. Theodore. (1965). The Effect of Windowless Classrooms on Elementary School Children. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan. Did not find a relationship between existence of windows and student performance. Research Focus. 1 Lee V.E. & Smith, J.B. (1995). The effects of high school restructuring and size on gains in achievement and engagement for early secondary school students. Sociology of Education, 68(4), 271-290. Research Focus. 1 Lee, V.E. & Smith, J.B. (1997, Fall). High school size:Which works best and for whom? Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 19(3), 205-227. Research Focus. 2 Lewis, F.E. (1977). The influence of open-space classrooms and closed- space classrooms on teachers' attitudes toward the school building. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Georgia, Athens. Research Focus. 2 Liska, Roger William (1988) The Development of a Systematic Process for Enhancing the Awarness of the Potential for Indoor Air Pollution in Schools. Unpublished paper, University of Georgia. Research Focus. 1 Loo, C. (1972). The effects of spatial density on the social behavior of children. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2, 372-381. Research Focus. 2 Lovin, J.C. Jr. (1972). The effect of the school's physical environment on the self-concepts of elementary school students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, the University of Georgia, Athens. Research Focus. 2 Lowe, Jerry M. (1990). The interface between educational facilities and learning climate. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University. Research Focus. 1 MacPherson, J.C. (1984). Environments and interaction in row-and-column classrooms. Environment and Behavior, 16(4), 481-502. Research Focus. 1 Marschall, M., Harrington, A.C. & Steele, J.R. (1995). Effect of workstation design on sitting posture in young children. Ergonomics, 38(9), 1932-1940. Research Focus. 1 Maslow, A.H. & Mintz, N.L. (1956). Effects of aesthetic surroundings: Initial effects of three aesthetic conditions upon perceiving, "energy", and "well-being" in faces. Journal of Psychology, 41, 247-254. Research Focus. 2 Maunier, R.L. (1967). The relationship of facilities to student academic achievement (Doctoral dissertation, Colorado State College, 1967). Dissertation Abstracts International, 28, 439A. Research Focus. 2 Maxwell, L.E. (1998). School building renovation and student performance: One district’s experience. Council of Educational Facility Planners, International. Research Focus. 1 McGrew, P.L. (1970). Social and spatial density effects on spacing behavior in preschool children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 11, 197-205. Research Focus. 2 McGuffey, C.W. (1972). Pupil attitudes toward existing schools as compared to new fully carpeted, air-conditioned schools. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia. Research Focus. 1 McGuffey, C.W. & Carvin L. Brown. (1978). The relationship of school size and rate of school plant utilization to cost variations of maintenance and operation. American Educational Research Journal, 15(3), 373-378. Research Focus. 2 McGuffey, C.W. And Brown, C.L. (1978) The impact of school building age on school achievement in Georgia. The Educational Facility Planner, 16, 6-9. Research Focus. 2 McGuffey, Carroll. (1982). "Facilities." Improving Educational Standards and Productivity. Herbert J. Walbert (ed.). Berkeley, CA: McCutchan Publishing Corporation, pp. 237-288. Found connection between building maintenance, hvac systems, color, and special instructional facilities and student achievement. Research Focus. 2 McGuffey, C.W. (1991). Large School/Small School Issue , Georgia Schools. The Educational Facility Planner 29(6):17-24. Research Focus. 2 Mills, F.M. (1972). A comparison of teacher performance and attitudes of teachers performing independently in self-contained classrooms and teachers performing cooperatively in open instructional areas. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University. Research Focus. 2 Moore, Deborah P. and Elisa R. Warner. (1998). Where Children Learn: The Effects of Facilities on Student Achievement. A CEFPI IssueTrak. Research Focus. 1 Moore, G.T. (1986). Effects of the spatial definition of behavior settings on children’s behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 6, 205-231. Research Focus. 2 Moore, G.T. & Lackney, J.A. (1994). Educational facilities for the Twenty-first Century: Research Analysis and Design Patterns. Report R94-1, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee: Center for Architecture and Urban Planning Research. Also available from ERIC Document Reproduction Service, No. EA 026223. Research Focus. 2 Moore, Gary T. (1995). Learning and School Environments. Edutopia 3(1):4-5. Research Focus. 1 Morocco, J.C. (1978). The relationship between size of elementary schools and pupils’ perceptions of their environment. Education, 98, 451-454. Research Focus. 1 Morrow, L.M. & Weinstein, C.W. (1982). Increasing children’s use of literature through program and physical design changes. Elementary School Journal, 83(2), 131-137. Practice Focus. 1 Morrow, L. & Weinstein, C. (1986). Encouraging voluntary reading: The impact of a literature program on children’s use of library corners. Reading Research Quarterly, 21, 330-346. Research Focus. 2 Morrow, Lesley Mandel. Relationships Among Physical Design of Play Centers, Teachers’ Emphasis on Literacy in Play, and Children’s Literacy Behaviors During Play. Learner Factors/Teacher Factors. Research Focus. 1 Mwamwenda, T.S. & Mwamwenda, B.B. (1987). School facilities and pupils’ academic achievement. Comparative Education, 23(2), 225-235. Research Focus. 1 Nash, B.C. (1981, June). The effects of classroom spatial organization on four- and five-year old children’s learning. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 51, 144-155. Research Focus. 1 Neill S.R. & Denham, E.J. (1982, February). The effects of pre-school building design. Educational Research, 24(2), 107-111. Research Focus. 1 Neill, S. (1982). Experimental alterations in playroom layout and their effect on staff and child behavior. Education Psychology, 2, 103-119. Research Focus. 1 Neill, S. (1982). Preschool design and child behavior. Journal of Child Psychological Psychiatry, 23(3), 309-318. Research Focus. 1 Nober, L.W. & Nobel, E.H. (1975). Auditory discrimination of learning disabled children in quiet and classroom noise. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 8(10), 656-659. Research Focus. 2 Nober, L.W. (1973). Auditory discrimination and classroom noise. Reading Teacher, 27(3), 288-291. Research Focus. 2 Nye, B.A., Achilles, C.M., Zaharias, J.B., Fulton, B.D. and M.P. Wallenhorst. (1992, November). Magic Bullets Come in Different Sizes: Restructuring is for Class Sizes Too! Center of Excellence for Research in Basic Skills, Tennessee State University, Paper #6. Paper presented at the National Conference on School Restructuring, Atlanta, Georgia. Research Focus. 2 Nye, B.A., Achilles, C.M., Zaharias, J.B., Fulton, B.D. & Wallenhorst, M.P.(1992, November). Smaller is far better: A report on three class-size initatives. Center of Excellence for Research in Basic Skills, Tennessee State University, Paper #5. Paper presented at the Mid-South Educational Research Association, Knoxville, TN. Research Focus. 2 Nye, B.A., Boyd-Zaharias, J., Fulton, B.D. et.al. (1994). The lasting benefits study: Grade 7 technical report. Center for Research in Basic Skills. Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN. Research Focus. 1 Ott, L. (1976). Influence of fluorescent lights on hyperactivity and learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 9(7), 22-27. Research Focus. 2 Overbaugh, Betty L. (1990). School facilities: The relationship of the physical environment to teacher professionalism. An unpublished doctoral dissertation. Texas A&M University. Research Focus. 2 Passive Solar Industries Council. (1996). Daylighting in Schools Results in Improved Grades and Lower Energy Bills. Research Focus. 2 Pearce, Clyde Clinton Jr. (1972) An Investigation into the Relationship of School Size and Program Quality of Public Elementary Schools in Georgia. Unpublished paper, University of Georgia. Research Focus. 1 Peatross, F.D. & Peponis, J. (1995, Winter). Space, education, and socialization. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 12(4), 366-385. Research Focus. 1 Pellegrini, A.D. (1987, Winter). Children on playgrounds: A review of "What’s out there." Children’s Environments Quarterly, 4(4), 2-7. Practice Focus. 2 Phillips, R.W. (1997). Educational facility and the academic achievement and attendance of upper elementary school students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia, Athens. Research Focus. 2 Plumley, J.P. Jr. (1978). The impact of school building age on the academic achievement of pupils from selected schools in the state of Georgia. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, the University of Georgia, Athens. Research Focus. 2 Pizzo, J.S. (1981). An investigation of the relationship between selected acoustic environments and sound, an element of learning style, as they affect sixth-grade students’ reading achievement and attitudes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, St. John’s University. Research Focus. 1 Preiser, Wolfgang and Anne Taylor. (1983). The Habituality Framework: Linking Human Behavior and Physical Environment in Special Education. Exceptional Education Quarterly 4(2): 1-15. Research Focus. 2 Pritchard, G.W. (1987). Academic achievement and perceptions of school effectiveness and their relationship to school size. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, South Carolina State University. Research Focus. 2 Proshansky, H.M. (1975). Environmental psychology: Man and his setting. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Inc. Research Focus. 2 Reiss, S. & Dydhalo, N. (1975). Persistence, achievement, and open space environments. Journal of Educational Psychology, 67, 506-513. Research Focus. 2 Rideout, Bill. (1991) A Study of the Relationship of Size of High Schools and Student Perceptions of Five Variables. The Educational Facility Planner. Research Focus. 1 Ritty, Michael J. Solan, Harold A. and Steven J. Cool. (1993). Visual and Sensory-Motor Functioning in the Classroom: A Preliminary Report of Ergonomic Demands. Journal of the American Optometric Association 64(4):238-244. Research Focus. 2 Rivlin, Leanne G., Rothenberg, Marilyn, Justa, Francine, Wallis, Allan and Frederick G. Wheeler, Jr. (1974). Children’s Conceptions of Open Classrooms Through Use of Scaled Models. Men Environment Interactions, Part 12, pp. 151-160. Research Focus. 2 Rivlin, L. G. & Rothenberg, M. (1975). Design implications of space use and physical arrangements in open education classes. Paper presented at the Environmental Design Research Association Annual Conference, EDRA VI, Lawrence, Kansas. Research Focus. 2 Rivlin, Leanne G. and Marilyn Rothenberg. (1976). The Use of Space in Open Classrooms. New York: Holt, Rinehart, Winston. Pp: 479-489. Research Focus. 1 Rothenberg, James. (1989). The Open Classroom Reconsidered. The Elementary School Journal 90(1). Research Focus. 2 Schroeder, Harold E., ed. (1991). New Directions in Health Psychology Assessment. New York: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation. Research Focus. 1 Schubert, Nancy A. and Milton B. Baxter. (1982). The Self-Contained Open Classroom as a Viable Learning Environment. Education 102(4):411-415. Research Focus. 1 Schwebel, A. & Cherlin, D. (1972). Physical and social distancing in teacher-pupil relationships. Journal of Educational Psychology, 63(6), 543-550. Research Focus. 2 Shea, T.C. (1983). An investigation of the relationships among selected instructional environment, preferences for the learning style element of design, and reading achievement testing of ninth grade students to improve administrative determinations concerning effective educational facilities. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, St. John’s University. Research Focus. 2 Smith, Anne B., Inder, Patricia M. and Brenda Ratcliff. (1995). The Nature and Context of Children’s Conflicts. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 30(2). Research Focus. 1 Sommer, R. & Olsen, H. (1980, March). The soft classroom. Environment and Behavior, 12(1), 3-16. Research Focus. 1 Stiniste, N.A. & Moore, R.C. (1989). Early childhood outdoors: A literature review related to the design of childcare environments. Children’s Environments Quarterly, 6(4), 25-31. Research Focus. 1 Stennett, R.G. & L.M. Earl. (1983). Students’ achievement, behavior, and physiology. Alberta Education. Research Focus. 1 Stevens, Marcia. (1985). Characteristics of Alternative Schools. American Educational Research Journal 22(1): 135-148. Research Focus. 1 Stires, L. (1980, June). Classroom seating location, student grades, and attitudes: Environment or self-selection? Environment and Behavior, 12(2), 241-254. Research Focus. 2 Stockard, J. & Mayberry, M. (1992). Effective educational environments. Oregon (ERIC Document Reproduction Services No. ED350674). Research Focus. 2 Stuebing, S., Giddings, J. & Cousineau, L.K. (1992). Technology-rich learning environments in elementary and secondary schools: An interactive study of physical settings and educational change. Paper presentation prepared for the American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA. Research Focus. 2 Stueck, L.E.(1991). The design of learning environments (playgrounds, elementary classrooms). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia. Research Focus. 2 Sutfin, H. (1980). The effect on children’s behavior of a change in the physical design of kindergarten classroom. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Boston University. Research Focus. 2 Sydoriak, D.E. (1984). An experiment to determine the effects of light and color in the learning environment. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Arkansas. Research Focus. 2 Taylor, A. (Ed.) (1983, Summer). Effects of the physical environment on learning (symposium). Exceptional Education Quarterly, 4, 1-115. Research Focus. 2 Taylor, Anne and Gene Gousie. (1988). The Ecology of Learning Environments for Children. The Educational Facility Planner 26(4):23-28. Presents literature review on impact of facilities on learning and draws implications to architectural design elements. Comprehensive reference list. Research Focus. 2 Tennessee Department of Education. The Student/Teacher Achievement Ratio (STAR) Project. Ongoing longitudinal study assessing the impact of class size on student achievement. Research Focus. 2 Thomas, J.A. (1962) Efficiency in education: A study of the relationship between selected inputs and mean test scores in a sample of senior high school. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stanford University. Research Focus. 2 Tognoli, J. (1973). The effect of windowless rooms and unembellished surrounding on attitudes and retention. Environment and Behavior, 5(2), 191-201. Research Focus. 2 Valiant, Bob. August (1996). The Brain and Learning: Turn on the Lights! Using What We Know About the Brain and Learning to Design Learning Environments. CEFPI Issue Trak. Discusses how to use our knowledge of brain based learning to design better educational facilities, thereby facilitating the natural learning process. Practice Focus. 2 Viadero, Debra. (1995). Less is More. Education Week, July 12, 1995. Research Focus. 2 Webb, J.T. (1976). The effect of the physical facility on the disruptive behavior of elementary school principals (Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia, 1976). Dissertation abstracts International, 37, 7468A. Research Focus. 1 Weinstein, C.S. & N. Weinstein. (1979). Noise and reading performance in an open space school. Journal of Educational Research, 72(4), 210-213. Research Focus. 1 Weinstein, C.S. (1977). Modifying student behavior in an open classroom through changes in the physical design. American Educational Research Journal, 14(3), 249-262. Research Focus. 1 Weinstein, Carol. (1979). "The Physical Environment of the School: A Review of the Research." Review of Educational Research. Vol. 49(4):577-610. Research review. Includes information on open space class vs. traditional classrooms and their impact on students. Research Focus. 1 Weinstein, Carol S. and Anita E. Woolfolk. (1981). Classroom Design and Impression Formation: A New Area for Research. Contemporary Educational Psychology 6, 383-386. Research Focus. 1 Weinstein, Carol S. and Patricia Pinciotti. (1988). Changing a Schoolyard: Intentions, Design Decisions, and Behavioral Outcomes. Environment and Behavior 20(3):345-371. Research Focus. 1 1Wiatrowski, M.D., Gottfredson, G., & Roberts, M. (1983). Understanding school behavior disruption: Classifying school environments. Environment and Behavior, 15(1), 53-76. Research Focus. 1 Winett, R.A., Battersby, C.D. and Edwards, S.M. (1975). The effects of architectural change, individualized instruction, and group contingencies on the academic performance and social behavior of sixth graders. Journal of School Psychology, 13(1), 28-40. Research Focus. 1 Wohlfarth, H. (1986, July). Color and light effects on students’ achievement, behavior, and physiology. Alberta Education (Edmonton: Planning Services Branch). Research Focus. 1 Wollin, D. D. & Montagne, M. (1981). College classroom environment: Effects of sterility versus amiability on student and teacher performance. Environment and Behavior, 13 (6), 707-716. Research Focus. 1 Wong, C. Y., Sommer R., & Cook, E. (1992). The soft classroom 17 years later. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 12, 337-343. Research Focus. 1 Wright, R. (1975). The affective and cognitive consequences of open education elementary school. American Educational Research Journal, 12(4), 449-468. Research Focus. 2 Yielding, A.C. (1994). Interface between educational facilities and learning climate in three Northern Alabama NK-2 elementary schools (kindergarten, second-grade). Unpublished doctoral dissertation. The University of Alabama. Research Focus. 1 Zentall, S.S. & Shaw, J.H. (1980). Effects of classroom noise on performance and activity of second-grade hyperactive and control children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 72(6), 830-840. Research Focus. 1 Zentall, S.S. (1986). Effects of color stimulation on performance and activity of hyperactive and nonhyperactive children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 78(2), 159-165. Research Focus. 2 Zifferblatt, Steven M. (1972). Architecture and Human Behavior: Toward an Increased Understanding of a Functional Relationship. Educational Technology August 1972. Research Focus. 1 Zimring, C.M. (1981). Stress and the designed environment. Journal of Social Issues, 37(1), 145-171. Research Focus. Color and Light 1 Blackwell, H.R. (1963). A general quantitative method for evaluating the visual significance of reflected glare utilizing visual performance data. Illuminating Engineering, 58, 61. Research Focus. 2 Bowers, J.H. & Burkett, G.W. (1987). Relationship of student achievement and characteristics in two selected school facility environmental settings. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: 64th Annual International Conference of the Council of Educational Facility Planners. (ERIC Reproduction Service No. ED286278). Research Focus. 2 Bross, C. & Jackson, K. (1981). Effects of room color on mirror-tracing by junior high school girls. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 52, 767-770. Research Focus. 1 Chorlton, J.M. & Davidson, H.F. (1959). The effects of specular reflection on visibility: Part II- field measurement of loss of contrast. Illuminating Engineering, 54, 482-488. Research Focus. 3 Cooper, B. D. (1958). The Blackwell Report. Better Light Better Sight News, 14-16. Research Focus. 2 Dunn, R. Krimsky, J.S., Murray, J.B. & Quinn, P.J. (1985). Light up their lives: A research on the effects of lighting on children's achievement and behavior. The Reading Teacher, 38(19), 863-869. Research Focus. 2 Failey, A., Bursor, D.E., and Musemeche, R.A. (1979). The impact of color and lighting in schools. The Educational Facility Planner, 16-18. Practice Focus. 1 Fletcher, D. (1983). Effects of classroom lighting on the behavior of exceptional children. Exceptional Education Quarterly, 4(2), 75-89. Research Focus. 3 Grangaard, E.M. (1995, April). Color and light effects on learning. (Report No. PS 023 272). Washington, D.C.: Association for Childhood Education International Study Conference and Exhibition. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 382 381). Research Focus. 2 Harting, R.D. & Delon, F.G. (1990, Spring). Can classroom lighting affect absence rates? ERS Spectrum, 8(2), 3-10. Research Focus. 2 Hathaway, W. (1987). Light, color and air quality. Education Canada, Fall, 35-41. Research Focus. 2 Hathaway, Warren. (1987). Effects of Light and Color on Pupil Achievement, Behavior and Physiology. The Educational Facility Planner, March/April 1987. Research Focus. 2 Hathaway, W.E. (1994). Non-visual effects of classroom lighting on children. The Educational Facility Planner, 32(3), 12-16. Research Focus. 2 Hathaway, W.E. & Fielder, D.R. (1986). A window on the future: A view of education and educational facilities. Columbus, Ohio: Paper presented at the meeting of the Council of Educational Facility Planners. Research Focus. 2 Hathaway, W.E. (1988). Educational facilities: Neutral with respect to learning and human performance. The Educational Facility Planner, 26(4), 8-12. Research Focus. 3 Hathaway, W.E., Hargreaves, J.A., Thompson, G.W., & Novitsky, D. (1992, February). A study into the effects of light on children of elementary school age: A case of daylight robbery. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 343 686). Research Focus. 3 Hawkins, W.E. & Lilley, H.E. (1992). CEFPI's guide for school facility appraisal. Columbus, Ohio: The Council of Educational Facility Planners International. Practice Focus. 3 Heschong Mahone Group. (1999). Daylighting and Productivity. A Report for the California State Board for Energy Efficiency and Pacific Gas and Electric Company. Research Focus. 2 Horton, C.D. (1972). Humanization of the learning environment. Arlington, VA. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED066929). Practice Focus. 2 King, J. & Marans, R.W. (1979). The physical environment and learning process. (Report No. 320-ST2). Ann Arbor: Univeristy of Michigan Architetural Research Laboratory. Research Focus. 2 Knirck, F.G. (1970). Acoustical and visual environments affect learning. Audiovisual Instruction, 15(1), 34-35. Practice Focus. 2 Larson, C. Theodore. (1965). The Effect of Windowless Classrooms on Elementary School Children. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan. Did not find a relationship between existence of windows and student performance. Research Focus. 3 Lexingtron, A. (1989). Healthy offices: Hard to define, but we need them. The Office, 73-75. Practice Focus. 1 Luckiesh, M. & Moss, F.K. (1940). Effects of classroom lighting upon the educational progress and visual welfare of school children. Illuminating Engineering, 35, 915-938. Research Focus. 1 Ott, L. (1976). Influence of fluorescent lights on hyperactivity and learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 9(7), 22-27. Research Focus. 2 Papadotas, S.P. (1973). Color them motivated-color's psychological effects on students. National Association of Secondary School Principals Bulletin, 57(370), 92-94. Research Focus. 3 Passive Solar Industries Council. (1996). Daylighting in Schools Results in Improved Grades and Lower Energy Bills. Research Focus. 2 Poyser, L.R. (1983). An examination of the classroom physical environment. South Bend: Indiana University. (ERIC Document Reproduction Services No. ED251954). Research Focus. 2 Rice, A.H. (1953). Color: what reserach knows about color in the classroom. Nation's Schools, I-viii. Research Focus. 2 Sinofsky, E.R. & Knirck, F.G. (1981). Choose the right color for your learning style. Instructional Innovator, 26(3), 17-19. Practice Focus. 2 Taylor, A. & Gousie, G. (1988). The ecology of learning environments for children. The Educational Facility Planner, 26(4), 23-28. Research Focus. 1 Tinker, M.A. The effect of illumination intensities upon speed of perception and upon fatigue in reading. Journal of Educational Psychology, 30, 561-571.(3), 12-16. Research Focus. 1 Wohlfarth, H. (1986, July). Color and light effects on students’ achievement, behavior, and physiology. Alberta Education (Edmonton: Planning Services Branch). Research Focus. 1 Zentall, S.S. (1986). Effects of color stimulation on performance and activity of hyperactive and nonhyperactive children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 78(2), 159-165. Research Focus. The Thermal Environment 2 Canter, D.V. (1976). Environmental interaction psychological approaches to our physical surroundings. New York: International University Press. Research Focus. 3 Green, G.H. (1979). Ah-choo! Humidity can help. American School and University, 64-65. Practice Focus. 2 Harner, David P. (1974). "Effects of Thermal Environment on Learning Skills." The Educational Facility Planner 12(2):4-6. Reports that reading and math performance declines at temperatures above 74 degrees. Research Focus. 3 Herrington, L.P. (1952). Effects of thermal environment on human action. American School and University, 24, 367-376. Practice Focus. 2 King, J. & Marans, R.W. (1979). The physical environment and learning process (Report No. 320-St2). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Architectural Research Laboratory. Research Focus. 3 Manning, W.R. & Olsen , L.R (1965). Air conditioning: Keystone of optimal thermal environment. American School Board Journal, 149(2), 22 -23. Practice Focus. 2 McCardle, R.W. (1966). Thermal environment and learning. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri. Research Focus. 2 McDonald, E.G. (1960). Effect of school environment on teacher and student performance. Air conditioning, Heating, and Ventilation, 57, 78 - 79. Research Focus. 2 Nolan, J.A. (Summer, 1960). Influence of classroom temperature on academic learning. Automated Teaching Bulletin, 1, 12-20. Research Focus. 2 New York State commission on Ventilation. (1931). School Ventilation and Practices. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University. Practice Focus. 2 Peccollo, M. (1962). The effect of thermal environment on learning. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Iowa State University. Research Focus. 3 Stuart, F. & Curtis, H.A. (1964). Climate controlled and non-climate controlled schools. Clearwater, Florida: The Pinellas County Board of Education.Air conditioning, Heating, and Ventilation, 57, 78 - 79. Practice Focus. Condition of School Buildings 3 Abramson, Paul "Annual School Construction Report." School Planning and Management Magazine. http://www.spmmag.com. Research Focus. 3 Abramson, Paul (School Planning & Management, College Planning & Management). (1998). An Analysis of School & College Education Construction and its Potential Impact on Your Sales. Research Focus. 3 American Association of School Administrators. (1993). Schoolhouse in the Red. Research Focus. 3 American Association of School Administrators (AASA), Council of Great City Schools, and Natioanl School Boards Association (NSBA). (1983). The Maintenance Gap: Deferred Repair and Renovation in the Nation’s Elementary and Secondary Schools. Arlington, VA: AASA. Research Focus. 3 American Association of State Colleges and Universities. (1997). AASCU Special Report: Deferred Maintenance. Research Focus. 3 American Association of School Administrators. (1993). Schoolhouse in the Red. Arlington, VA: AASA. Research Focus. 3 American Society of Civil Engineers. (1998). 1998 Report Card for America’s Infrastructure. Washington D.C.: ASCE. Research Focus. 3 Education Writers Association. (1989). Wolves at the Schoolhouse Door. Research Focus. 3 Hansen, Shirley J. (1992). The School Facilities Children are Forced to Attend. The Journal of School Business Management. Practice Focus. 3 Hawkins, Harold L. and H. Edward Lilley. (1998). CEFPI Guide for School Facility Appraisal. Practice Focus.
1 Murray, Sheila E., Evans, William N. and Robert M. Schwab. (1959). Education Finance Reform and the Distribution of Education Resources. The American Economic Review, Vol. 88, No. 4: 789-812. Analyzed the effect of state education spending on district inequality. Found that court-ordered reform reduced inequality in school expenditures by 19-34 percent. Research Focus. 3 Rebuild America Coalition. (1999). The Little Red Schoolhouse: Rebuild America Infrastructure Survey. Research Focus. 3 U.S. General Accounting Office. (1996). School Facilities. Washington D.C.: Series number GAO/HEHE-96-148. Research Focus. Technology in School Buildings 2 Caspary, Kyra, Kusserow, Tim, Lavin, Jake, and Maziar Movassaghi. (1999). Managing Technology Efficiently in California K-12 Schools. Paper presented in association with the California Research Bureau. www.library.ca.gov/crb/99/in_association/01/ia99001.pdf. Practice Focus. 3 Council of Educational Facility Planners International. (1999). Preparing Your School Buildings for Technology. Practice Focus. 3 Earthman, Glen I. (1997). The Best Possible Environment for the Most Productive Learning. School Business Affairs, v. 63, n. 7, pp. 21-24. Practice Focus. 3 Education Week. (1999) Special Report: Technology Counts 99: Building the Digital Curriculum. http://www.edweek.com. Research Focus. 3 Glass, Thomas E. (1997). Schools Built for Technology: The Effects of Technology on Educational Facilities. School Business Affairs, v. 63, n. 2, pp. 11-17. Research Focus. 2 Maxwell, Lorraine E. (1999). Children, Computers and School Furniture. The Educational Facility Planner v. 35, n 2, pp. 5-7. Research Focus. 3 Meeks, Glenn E., Fisher, Ricki and Warren Loveless. (1997). Implementation Costs for Educational Technology Systems. CEFPI IssueTrak. Practice Focus. 3 North Carolina State Department of Education. (1995). Impact of Technology on School Facility Design. Practice Focus. 3 Old Colorado Communications. (1999). National Science Foundation Wireless Field Test for Education Project. http://wireless.oldcolo.com. Research Focus. 3 Smith, Franklin L. (1994). The Report of the Task Force on Facilities and Technology. Practice Focus. 2 Stuebing, S., Giddings, J. & Cousineau, L.K. (1992). Technology-rich learning environments in elementary and secondary schools: An interactive study of physical settings and educational change. Paper presentation prepared for the American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA. Research Focus. 3 U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics. (March 1998). Issue Brief: Internet Access in Public Schools. NCES 98-031. Washington D.C. Research Focus. 3 U.S. General Accounting Office. (1995). Technology: America’s Schools Not Designed or Equipped for the 21st Century. Research Focus. 3 Weisburg, Michael. 1993. Guidelines for Desiging Effective and Healthy Learning Environments for Interactive Technologies. National Library of Medicine. Practice Focus. Student Enrollment Levels in Schools 2 U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics. October 1997. Issue Brief: The Impact of the Baby Boom Echo on U.S. Public School Enrollments. NCES 98-039. Washington D.C. Research Focus. Recommended Square Footage for Schools 3 Abramson, Paul. Annual School Construction Report." School Planning and Management Magazine. http://www.spmmag.com. Research Focus. 3 Bruss, Lyle B. 1989. Space Planning Guidelines for Elementary and Secondary Schools in the U.S. and Canada. The Educational Facility Planner 26(4):6-8. Practice Focus. 3 The Council of Educational Facility Planners, International. 1991. Guide for Planning Educational Facilities. Practice Focus. 3 Wohlers, Art. November 1995. Gross Square Feet Per Student. CEFPI Issuetrak. Practice Focus. Early Childhood Facilities 1 Cohen, Stewart & Horm-Wingerd, Dianne (1993). Children and the Environment: Ecological Awareness Among Preschool Children. Environment and Behavior, vol. 25, pp. 103. Research Focus. 1 Cohen, Stewart & Trostte, Susan L. (1990). Young Children’s Preferences for School-Related Physical-Environmental Setting Characteristics. Environment and Behavior, vol. 22, pp. 753. Research Focus. 2 Conners, D. A. (1997). The school environment: A link to understanding stress. Handbook of Child Psychology. Research Focus. 2 Cost, Quality & Child Outcomes Study Team. (1995). Cost, Quality, and Child Outcomes in Child Care Centers, Executive Summary, second edition. Denver, CO: University of Colorado. Research Focus. 1 Evans, G. W., & Lepore, S. J. (1993). Nonauditory effects of noise on children. Children’s Environments, 10, 31-51. Research Focus. 1 Evans, G. W. & Maxwell, L. (1997). Chronic noise exposure and reading deficits: The mediating effects of language acquisition. Environment and Behavior, 29 (5), 638-656. Research Focus. 1 Hernandez, Fernando & Sancho, Juana. M. (1989). Children’s Knowledge of Their Environment: Implications for Urban Education and Urban Planners. The Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 6, 55-. Research Focus. 1 Kuller, R. & Lindstein, C. (1992). Health and Behavior of Children in Classrooms With and Without Windows. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 12-13, 305-317. Research Focus.
1 Laeser, K., Maxwell, L. E., & Hedge, A. (1998). The effect of computer workstation design on student posture. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 31(2), 173-188. Research Focus. 1 Levitt, M. J. & Weber, R. A. (1989). Social Involvement with Peers in 2-1/2- Year Old Toddlers: Environmental Influences. Environment and Behavior, 21, 82-98. Research Focus.
1 Legendre, A.(1999). Interindividual Relationships in Groups of Young Children and Susceptibility to an Environmental Constraint. Environment and Behavior, 31(4), 463-. Research Focus. 1 Lindholm, G. (1995). Schoolyards: The Significance of Place Properties to Outdoor Activities in Schools. Environment and Behavior, 27(3), 258-293. Research Focus.
1 Loureiro, Sebastiao et al.(1990). Environmental Perception and Schistosomiasis: A Study of Rural Children in Brazil. Environment and Behavior, 22, 272-. Research Focus. 1 Maxwell, L. E.(1996). Multiple Effects of Home and Day Care Crowding. Environment and Behavior, 28 (4), 494-511. Research Focus. 2 Maxwell, Lorraine. (1994). Designing a Preschool Environment to Enhance the Development of Competance and Self-esteem in Young Children. CEFPI’s 1994 Conference Compendium: 30-32. Practice Focus. 2 Oates, S., Evans, G. W., & Hedge, A. (1998). An anthropometric and postural risk assessment of children’s school computer work environments. Computers in Schools, 14(3/4), 55-63. Research Focus. 1 Read, M. A., Sugawara, A. I., & Brandt, J. A. (1999). Impact of Space and Color in the Physical Environment on Preschool Children’s Cooperative Behavior. Environment and Behavior, 31 (3), 413-428. Research Focus. 1 Stiniste, N.A. & Moore, R.C. (1989). Early childhood outdoors: A literature review related to the design of childcare environments. Children’s Environments Quarterly, 6(4), 25-31. Research Focus. 1 Susa, A.M. & Benedict, J. O. (1994). The Effects of Playground Design on Pretend Play and Divergent Thinking. Environment and Behavior, 26, 560-. Research Focus. 1 Thurber, C. A. & Malinowski, J. C. (1999). Environmental Correlates of Negative Emotions in Children. Environment and Behavior, 31(4), 487-. Research Focus. 3 Zinger, Daunne and Dale Klappenbach. (1994). Early Childhood Education Facility Bellevue School District’s Experience. CEFPI’s 1994 Conference Compendium: 33-34. Practice Focus. Playground Design 3 Christoph, Nancy. (1999) Playgrounds with Maximum Safety and Minimal Risk. School Planning and Management Magazine, Feb 1999. Practice Focus. 3 Cunningham, Gayle and Charlotte Hendricks. (1996). Safer Head Start Playgrounds. NHSA Journal 15(3):26-27. Practice Focus. 3 Goltsman, Susan. November (1997). Designing Playgrounds for Children of All Abilities. School Planning and Management Magazine. Practice Focus. 2 Hawkins, Harold L. (1986). Research Contributes to New Concepts in Playground Design. The Educational Facility Planner 23(2):18-19. Research Focus. 3 Moore, Robin C. (1996). Outdoor Settings for Playing and Learning: Designing School Grounds to Meet the Needs of the Whole Child and Whole Curriculum. NAMTA Journal 21(3):97-120. Practice Focus. 1 Stiniste, N.A. & Moore, R.C. (1989). Early childhood outdoors: A literature review related to the design of childcare environments. Children’s Environments Quarterly, 6(4), 25-31. Research Focus. 2 Stueck, L.E.(1991). The design of learning environments (playgrounds, elementary classrooms). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia. Research Focus. 1 Weinstein, Carol S. and Patricia Pinciotti. (1988). Changing a Schoolyard: Intentions, Design Decisions, and Behavioral Outcomes. Environment and Behavior 20(3):345-371. Research Focus. 1 Wilson, Ruth A. et al. (1996). Developing an Environmental Outdoor Play Space. Young Children 51(6):56-61. Practice Focus. 3 U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Handbook for Public Playground Safety. Publication Number 325. Practice Focus. Classroom Acoustics 2 Anderson, Karen L. (1997). The Sound of Learning. The American School Building Journal, October 1997. 2 Abbott, Phillip; and Others. (1997). Pilot Studies of Speech Communication in Elementary School Classrooms; Literature Review and Methods. Paper presented at Noise-Con 97 University Park, PA, June 15, 1997. Available from NCEF at http://www.edfacilities.org. Research Focus. 3 Acoustical Society of America. (1998). Presentations at Workshop on Eliminating Acoustical Barriers to Learning in Classrooms. TO ORDER: Lou Sutherland, 27803 Longhill Dr., Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90275-3908 (Prepaid orders by check payable to the Acoustical Society of America, $10). Practice Focus. 3 American Speech-Language and Hearing Association. (1995). Guidelines for Acoustics in Educational Environments, v37, Suppl.14, p15-19. Practice Focus. 3 Anderson, Karen L. (1997). The Sound of Learning. American School Board Journal; v184 n10 p26-28. Practice Focus. 3 Berg, Frederick S.; And Others. (1996). Classroom Acoustics: The Problem, Impact, and Solution Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools; v27 n1 p16-20. Practice Focus. 3 Berg, Frederick S. (1993). Acoustics and Sound Systems in Schools. Singular Publishing Group, Inc, San Diego, CA. ISBN: 1565930797 TO ORDER: Singular Publishing Group. Practice Focus. 1 Bonzaft, A.L. & McCarthy, D.P. (1975). The effects of elevated train noise on reading ability. Environment and Behavior, 7(6), 517-527. Research Focus. 1 Bonzaft, A.L. and Others. (1981). The Effect of a Noise Abatement Program on Reading Ability. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 1:215-222. Research Focus. 3 Bonzaft, A.L. and Others. (1998). Beware: Noise is Hazardous to our Children’s Development. Hearing Rehabilitation Quarterly, 22(1). Research Focus. 1 Chrisite, D.J. & Glickman, C.D. (1980's). The effects of classroom noise on children: Evidence for sexual differences. Psychology in the Schools, 17(3), 405-408. Research Focus. 1 Cohen, Krantz, Evans & Stokols. (1980). Physiological, motivational, and cognitive effects of aircraft noise on children: Moving from the laboratory to the field. American Psychologist, 35, 231-243. Research Focus. 1 Cohen, Sheldon and Neil Weinstein. (1981). Nonauditory Effects of Noise on Behavior and Health. Journal of Social Issues 37(1):36-70. 2 Cohen, S., Evans, G., Krantz, D.S., & Stokols, D. (1986). Behavior, Health, and Environmental Stress. New York: Plenum. Research Focus. 2 Conrad, M.J. & Gibbons, N.L. (1963). Carpeting and learning. Columbus, Ohio: Bureau of Education Research and Service. Research Focus. 2 Crandell, Carl C. (1995). Sound-Field FM Amplification — Theory and Practical Applications. Singular Publishing Group, Inc., San Diego, CA. ISBN: 1-56593-450-4 TO ORDER: Singular Publishing Group. Practice Focus. 2 Crandell, Carl et al. (1997). Pilot Studies of Speech Communication In Elementary School Classrooms. Paper 2pAAa4, presented June 17, 1997 at the 133rd ASA Meeting, State College, PA. http://www.acoustics.org/133rd/2paaa4.html. Research Focus. 2 Crandell, Carl C.; Smaldino, Joseph J.. (1994). An Update of Classroom Acoustics for Children with Hearing Impairment. Volta Review; v96 n4 p291-306. Research Focus. 3 Cunliff, D.D. (1967), Soft floor covering in the Los Angeles city school district. New York: American Carpet Institute. Practice Focus. 3 Dahlqist, Lori Hubble. Classroom Amplification: Not Just for the Hearing Impaired Anymore. http://dinf.org/csun_98/csun98_124.htm. Practice Focus. 2 Dixon, M.T. (1953). Comparing acoustical control and the efficiency of verbal communication. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Stanford University. Research Focus. 2 Easterbrooks, Susan R. (1998). Adapting the Regular Classroom for Students Who Are Deaf/Hard of Hearing. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the Council for Exceptional Children, Minneapolis, MN, April 18, 1998. ERIC NO: ED418542 TO ORDER: ERIC Document Reproduction Service http://www.edrs.com. Practice Focus. 1 Evans, Gary and others. 1995. Chronic Noise and Psychological Stress. Psychological Science 6(6). Research Focus. 1 Evans, Gary and others. (1997). Noise, Physiology and Human Performance: The Potential Role of Effort. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 2(2): 144-155. Research Focus. 2 Evans, Gary and others. (1998). Chronic Noise Exposure and Psychological Response: A Prospective Study of Children Living Under Environmental Stress. Psychological Science 9(1). Research Focus. 3 Fickes, Michael (1998). Listen Up! School Planning & Management; v37 i6 p40-42. Practice Focus. 2 Fitzroy, D. & Reid, J.L. (1963). Acoustical environment of school buildings. New York: Educational Facilities Laboratory. Research Focus. Glass, K. (1985). Sonic environment. The Educational Facility Planner, 23(4), 8-10. Research Focus. 3 Green, Edward E. and others. (1996). Fitting New Technologies into Traditional Classrooms: Two Case Studies in the Design of Improved Learning Facilities. Educational Technology, 36(4): 27-38. Research Focus. 1 Hall, J.C. (1952). The effect of background music on the reading comprehension of two hundred seventy-eight eighth and ninth grade students. Journal of Educational Research, 45, 451-458. Research Focus. 3 Hawkins, H.L. & Lilley, H.E. (1992). CEFPI's guide for school facility appraisal. Columbus, Ohio: the Council of Educational Facility Planners International. Practice Focus. 1 Houtgast, T. (1981). The effect of ambient noise and speech intelligibility in classrooms. Applied Acoustics, 14, 15-25. Research Focus. 3 Irvine, Leland; Richards , Roy Krieger. (1998). Acoustics and Noise Control Handbook for Architects and Builders Publishing Company. ISBN: 0894649221.. Practice Focus. 2 Johnson, Carole E.; And Others. (1997). "Minimal" High-Frequency Hearing Loss and School-Age Children: Speech Recognition in a Classroom.. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools; v28 n1 p77-85. Research Focus. 3 Keetay, Victoria. (1996). Hearing-Impaired Children in the Classroom: Why Some Stories Have Sad Endings and What Can Be Done About It. Contemporary Education; v68 n1 p31-35. Practice Focus. 2 Kingsbury, H. F.; Strumpf, F. M. 1969. The Development and Testing of Guidelines for Designing School Classrooms to Maximize Hearing Conditions and Provide for Effective Noise Control. Final Report. (Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Coll. of Engineering., 1969) ERIC NO: ED040603 TO ORDER: ERIC Document Reproduction Service http://www.edrs.com. Research Focus. 2 Kyzar, B.L. (1977). Noise pollution and schools: How much is too much? The Educational Facility Planner, 10-11. Research Focus. 2 King, J. & Marans, R.W. (1979). The physical environment and learning process. (Report No. 320-ST2). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Architectural Research Laboratory. Research Focus. 3 Ledford, Bruce R.; Brown, John A. (1992). A Case Study in Acoustical Design International Journal of Instructional Media; v19 n2 p127-40. Practice Focus. 3 Lubman, David et al. (1997). America's Need for Standards and Guidelines to Ensure Satisfactory Classroom Acoustics. Paper 2pAAa1, presented June 17, 1997 at the 133rd Meeting of the ASA, State College, PA. http://www.acoustics.org/133rd/2paaa1.html. Practice Focus. 2 Lucas, Jerry et al. (1981). Effects of Noise on Academic Achievement and Classroom Behavior. State of CA Health and Welfare Agency, Dept. of Health Services. (Available through NTIS). Research Focus. 2 Maryland State Dept. of Education, Baltimore. (1996). Building Ecology and Partition Design. ERIC NO: ED415667 TO ORDER: ERIC Document Reproduction Service http://www.edrs.com TO ORDER Maryland State Dept. of Education, School Facilities Branch, 200 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201. Practice Focus. 3 Mason, David G.; Trento, Patricia (1996). Is This an Ideal Teacher's Deaf Education Program Classroom? CAEDHH Journal/La Revue ACESM; v22 n2-3 p93-102. Practice Focus. 2 Maxwell, Lorraine and Gary Evans. (1998) Design of Child Care Centers and Effects of Noise on Young Children. Design Share. http://www.designshare.com/Research/LMaxwell/NoiseChildren.htm Research Focus. 2 Maxwell, Lorraine and Gary Evans. The Changing Sound of Education. Sound and Vibration. Research Focus. 1 Morgan, J.B. (1917). The effect of sound distractions upon memory. American Journal of Psychology, 28, 191-208.district. New York: American Carpet Institute. Research Focus. 3 McCue, Edward R.; Talaske, Richard H. (1990). Acoustical Design of Music Education Facilities. TO ORDER: Acoustical Society of America http://asa.aip.org/publications.html. Practice Focus. 1 McSporran, Eileen (1997). Towards Better Listening and Learning in the Classroom. Educational Review; v49 n1 p13-20. Research Focus. 2 McVey, G. F. (1994). In Search of Equitable Learning Environments: The Acoustics of Classrooms Used in "Mainstreaming" Hearing-Disadvantaged Students. Educational Facility Planner; v32 n3 p16-23. Research Focus. 2 Nelson, Peggy B. et al. (1997). Impact of Hearing Loss on Children in Typical School Environments. Paper 2pAAa2, presented June 17, 1997 at the133rd ASA Meeting, State College, PA. http://www.acoustics.org/133rd/2paaa2.html. Research Focus. 1 Nober, L.W. & Nobel, E.H. (1975). Auditory discrimination of learning disabled children in quiet and classroom noise. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 8(10), 656-659. Research Focus. 1 Nober, L.W. (1973). Auditory discrimination and classroom noise. Reading Teacher, 27(3), 288-291. Research Focus. 1 Palmer, Catherine V. (1998). Quantification of the Ecobehavioral Impact of a Soundfield Loudspeaker System in Elementary Classrooms. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research; v41 n4 p819-. Research Focus. 3 Palmer, Catherine V. (1997). Hearing and Listening in a Typical Classroom. Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools 28(3): 213-18. Practice Focus. 2 Picard ,Michel et al. (1997). Revisiting Speech Interference by Noise in Classrooms and Considering Some Possible Solutions Paper 2pAAa3, presented June 17, 1997 at the 133rd ASA Meeting State College, PA. HTTP://www.acoustics.org/133rd/2paaa3.html. Research Focus. Pizzo, J.S. (1981). An investigation of the relationship between selected acoustic environments and sound, an element of learning style, as they affect sixth-grade students’ reading achievement and attitudes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, St. John’s University. Research Focus. 2 Slater, Barbara Ruth. The Effects of Noise on Pupil Performance. (PhD dissertation) ERIC NO: ED022316 TO ORDER: University Microfilms http://www.umi.com. Research Focus. 3 Smedstad, Mike. (1998). Designing a Secondary Music Suite School Planning and Management; v37 i10 p32-34. http://www.spmmag.com/articles/misc/1098_3.html. Practice Focus. 2 Suter, Alice. (1992). Noise and Sound Effects — A New Look. Sound and Vibration, January 1992. Research Focus. 3 Tao Jiang et al. (1997). Can Noise Levels at School Gymnasia Cause Hearing Loss: A Case Study of a Physical Education Teacher. Paper 2pAAa7, presented June 17, 1997 at the 133rd ASA/NOISE-CON 97 Meeting, State College, Pennsylvania. http://www.acoustics.org/133rd/2paaa7.html. Research Focus. 2 Thibodeau, Linda. (1994). Classroom Amplification Systems — Selection, Evaluation and Maintenance. Singular Publishing Group, Inc. San Diego, CA. ISBN: 1-56593-654-X TO ORDER: Singular Publishing Group, Inc. Practice Focus. 3 Wheeler, Arthur E. and Walter S. Kunz Jr. (1994). Selecting HVAC Systems for Schools to Balance the Needs for Indoor Air Quality, Energy Conservation and Maintenance. Technical Bulletin. Practice Focus. 1 Weinstein, C.S. & N. Weinstein. (1979). Noise and reading performance in an open space school. Journal of Educational Research, 72(4), 210-213. Research Focus. 1 Zentall, S.S. & Shaw, J.H. (1980). Effects of classroom noise on performance and activity of second-grade hyperactive and control children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 72(6), 830-840. Research Focus. School Size/Class Size (Smaller vs. Larger) 2 Achilles, C.M. (1992, September). The effect of school size on student achievement and the interaction of small classes and school size on student achievement. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Educational Administration, University of North Carolina-Greensboro. Research Focus. 2 Achilles, C.M. (1998) Using Class Size to Reduce the Equity Gap. Educational Leadership 55(4): 4, 40-43. Practice Focus. 2 Barker, R. & Gump, P.V. (1964). Big school, small school: High school size and student behavior. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Research Focus. 1 Bourke, Sid. (1986). How smaller is better: Some relationships between class size, teaching practices, and student achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 23(4), 558-571. Research Focus. 1 Finn, J.D. & Achilles, C.M. (1990). Answers and questions about class size: A statewide experiment. American Educational Research Journal, 27(3), 557-577. Research Focus. 2 Garbarino, J. (1980). Some thoughts on schools. | ||||||||